Introduction: Inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI) may often affect the right ventricle (RV), which is overlooked in clinical assessments. RV dysfunction has been associated with poor outcomes, including increased mortality and complications. Echocardiography, a non-invasive and widely used tool, can effectively evaluate RV function using parameters like TAPSE and MPI.  Aims: Aim of the present study is to assess the RV function in Acute Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction patients and it’s correlation on treatment outcome. Materials & Methods: The study was Cross sectional Descriptive type of study. This study was completed within one and half year, One Year for data collection and management (2024-2025). Department of medicine, Agartala Government Medical College and GB Pant Hospital. And total sample size 110 acute inferior wall myocardial infarction patients. Result: In our study, hypertension was the most common comorbid condition, observed in 54 patients (49.1%), and followed by diabetes in 23 patients (20.9%). Dyslipidaemia was present in 8 patients (7.3%), and a family history of cardiovascular diseases (FHO CVDs) was noted in 2 patients (1.8%). Notably, 23 patients (20.9%) had no comorbid conditions. The value of z is 8.0482. The value of p is < .00001. The result is significant at p < .05. We found that Patients with RV dysfunction in inferior wall myocardial infarction experienced significantly higher rates of mortality, shock, heart failure, and longer hospitalization. These findings reinforce RV dysfunction as a poor prognostic marker, necessitating early identification and aggressive supportive management in affected individuals. Conclusion: We concluded that the research demonstrates the substantial influence of right heart dysfunction in inferior wall MI patient’s outcome. The most common co morbidity was found to be hypertension, which affected 54 patients and was statistically significant

Over 90% of people with diabetes have diabetic neuropathy, a common side effect of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Despite being one of the primary signs of diabetic neuropathy, the pathophysiological mechanisms behind pain are still unclear. Although the harmful consequences of hyperglycemia are generally acknowledged to be a significant factor in the development of this complication, a number of alternative theories have been proposed.  Derived from Clostridium botulinum, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been utilized globally to treat neurologic conditions like stiffness and dystonia in addition to cosmetic therapeutic uses. Because of its good safety profile and long-lasting therapeutic effects following a single course of injection, BoNT type A offers therapeutic utility in treating idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia or refractory neuropathic pain.  Patients with preserved heat sensitivity in the pain location and/or induced deep pain with pain paroxysms appear to have the best responder profiles to BoNT A. To sum up, a deeper comprehension of the processes behind botulinum toxin's effects on diabetic neuropathic pain may help both the search for novel treatments and the development of improved guidelines for maximizing pain management with already existing medications.

We retrospectively evaluated early postoperative outcomes following the Modified Bentall‑de Bono procedure using the coronary‑button technique in 60 patients from January 2018 to August 2024 at a single tertiary centre. Most patients were aged 30–49 years; hypertension was the most common comorbidity. Aortic dissection was present in 30 % of cases, and 23 % were operated emergently. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cross‑clamp times were 283 and 213 minutes, respectively. Re‑exploration for bleeding was required in 8.3 %, three patients needed permanent pacemakers. Overall early mortality was 11.6 %, notably higher in emergency vs. elective cases (28.5 % vs. 6.5 %). The Modified Bentall remains effective with acceptable early outcomes in elective settings, though emergency operations and preoperative instability are associated with increased risk. 

Background: The medical curriculum is globally recognized for its rigorous and demanding nature, making medical students highly susceptible to psychological stress. The period surrounding professional examinations represents a time of peak academic pressure, which can significantly impact students' mental well-being and academic performance. Understanding the extent of this stress and the coping strategies employed is crucial for developing effective support systems. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 MBBS students at a tertiary care medical college one week prior to their professional examinations. Participants were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire that included sociodemographic details, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) to measure stress, and the Brief COPE inventory to assess coping mechanisms. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. The Independent Samples t-test and Chi-square test were used for comparisons, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.1 ± 2.3 years. The overall mean PSS-10 score was high at 24.8 ± 5.6, with 79% of students falling into the high-stress category (score >20). Students in their clinical years reported significantly higher mean stress scores than their pre-clinical counterparts (26.3 ± 4.9 vs. 23.3 ± 5.8; p=0.018). The most frequently used adaptive coping strategies were planning (85%), active coping (83%), and acceptance (76%). However, the use of maladaptive strategies was also common, including self-blame (52%) and behavioral disengagement (35%). Female students were significantly more likely to use emotion-focused coping strategies such as seeking emotional support (70% vs. 45%; p=0.021) compared to male students. Conclusion: A substantial majority of medical students experience high levels of stress during examinations, with the burden being greater in the clinical years. While students actively use problem-focused coping, there is a concerning reliance on maladaptive strategies like self-blame. These findings underscore the urgent need for medical institutions to implement targeted mental health support and stress-management programs to foster resilience and healthier coping skills among future physicians.

Tissue engineering offers a promising approach in medicine, aiming to repair and replace damaged or abnormal tissues. Using stem cells, this field seeks to create functional tissue constructs that can restore normal physiological functions. In this paper, we explore the application of tissue engineering in the context of congenital heart disease (CHD). We review recent advancements from in vitro experiments, preclinical animal models, and early clinical studies, highlighting both the progress made and the limitations encountered. Key challenges such as immune rejection and integration with host tissue are discussed. Finally, we outline future directions and the potential of tissue engineering to transform the treatment landscape for CHD.