Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard surgical procedure for the management of gallbladder diseases and is widely accepted due to its minimally invasive nature, reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery. However, complications such as bile duct injury and difficulty in identifying biliary anatomy remain significant concerns. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in improving intraoperative visualization of biliary anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  Methods: This retrospective observational study included 65 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with ICG fluorescence imaging. Data regarding demographic characteristics, indications for surgery, intraoperative findings, visualization of biliary structures, operative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results: The study included 65 patients with a mean age of 61.3 ± 15.3 years, with a slight female predominance. The most common indication for surgery was gallstone disease (89.2%). Acute cholecystitis was present in 49.2% of cases. ICG fluorescence imaging successfully identified the cystic duct in 83.1% of patients and the common bile duct in 93.8% of patients. Visualization was significantly reduced in patients with higher inflammatory markers and acute cholecystitis. The mean operative time was 132.8 minutes, with low blood loss and acceptable hospital stay. Conversion to open surgery was required in 10.7% of cases. Postoperative complications were minimal, with no major complications reported. Conclusion: Indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography is a useful and safe adjunct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, providing enhanced visualization of biliary anatomy and potentially reducing the risk of bile duct injury.

Aim: The aim of this review is to evaluate procedural, clinical outcomes and safety profiles across major device platforms by synthesizing the available evidence on transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions. Design: Mixed methods systematic review of various studies evaluating Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement Methods: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251236274). Eligible studies included clinical trials, observational studies, and registry analyses evaluating transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions in adult patients. Risk of bias and methodological quality were assessed using the Cochrane RoB-2 tool for randomized trials, the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, with discrepancies resolved by consensus or consultation with a third reviewer. Results: Nine studies randomized trials, prospective studies, and multicenter observational cohorts assessing transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions met the inclusion criteria. With notable improvements in NYHA functional class, KCCQ scores, and orthotopic transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement showed the most consistent procedural success and the greatest reduction in regurgitation severity. While heterotopic Caval valve implantation provided symptomatic relief without addressing underlying valvular pathology, leaflet repair techniques demonstrated more variable echocardiographic responses but produced significant symptomatic benefit. Conclusions: Transcatheter interventions for severe tricuspid and mitral regurgitation show promising clinical and functional benefits. Long-term data and randomized comparative evidence are still scarce despite promising early results, highlighting the need for additional prospective research to define optimal patient selection, device durability, and long-term clinical impact.

Introduction: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in resource-limited settings. Uterine atony accounts for most primary PPH cases. This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of intrauterine balloon tamponade using a standard Foley’s catheter as an affordable intervention for atonic PPH unresponsive to medical management. Objective: To determine the haemostatic success rate, maternal outcomes, and complication profile of intrauterine Foley’s catheter tamponade after vaginal delivery. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted at a tertiary centre in Kolkata, India, from April 2022 to October 2023, including 140 women with atonic PPH unresponsive to uterotonics. After standard resuscitation, a 24-French Foley’s catheter was inserted and inflated with 60–120 mL sterile saline until bleeding stopped. Data on demographics, haemoglobin, blood loss, transfusion, surgical intervention, complications, and outcome were analysed. Results: Mean age was 24.75 ± 5 years; 59.28% were primiparous, 59.28% from lower socioeconomic class. Haemostasis was achieved in 89.28%, mostly within 5–10 minutes. Surgical intervention was needed in 10.72%. Sepsis occurred in 5.71%, acute kidney injury in 1.43%, and mortality in 0.71%. Conclusion: Intrauterine Foley’s catheter tamponade is a rapid, effective, low-cost option for managing atonic PPH refractory to medical therapy, suitable even in low-resource settings.