Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) is a common valvular heart disorder that can lead to heart failure if left untreated. It is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to improper closure of the mitral valve. Recent advances in the treatment of MR include improvements in transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) and replacement (TMVr), novel surgical techniques, and the exploration of pharmacological and regenerative therapies. This research review discusses the pathophysiology of MR, the latest diagnostic techniques, and emerging therapeutic approaches, with a focus on minimally invasive interventions and promising regenerative treatments.